BBC HomepageSkip to contentAccessibility HelpYour accountLiveNotificationsHomeNewsSportWeatheriPlayerSoundsBitesizeMore menuMore menuSearch BBCHomeNewsSportWeatheriPlayerSoundsBitesizeCBBCCBeebiesFoodClose menuBBC NewsMenuHomeIsrael-Gaza warCost of LivingWar in UkraineClimateUKWorldBusinessPoliticsCultureMoreTechScienceHealthFamily & EducationIn PicturesNewsbeatBBC VerifyDisabilityWorldAfricaAsiaAustraliaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastUS & CanadaIS-K: Who are the Islamic State jihadists behind Moscow attack?Published1 hour agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingImage source, EPABy Frank GardnerBBC security correspondentDespite attempts by President Vladimir Putin and Russia’s state-controlled media to pin the blame for Friday’s deadly Moscow theatre attack on Ukraine, more details are emerging about the jihadist group IS-K that has claimed it was behind it.Who or what is IS-K?IS-K is an abbreviation of Islamic State-Khorasan. It is a regional affiliate of the globally proscribed terror Islamic State group focused on Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The group has given itself the name Khorasan as that was part of an historic Islamic caliphate spanning those countries, as well as northward into Central Asia.IS-K has been around for nine years but in recent months it has emerged as the most dangerous branch of the Islamic State group, with a long reach and a reputation for extreme brutality and cruelty. Along with what is left of the group’s wider leadership in Syria and Iraq, IS-K aspires to a pan-national Islamic caliphate ruled through an ultra-strict interpretation of Sharia, Islamic law.In Afghanistan it is waging a sporadic but still deadly insurgency against the country’s rulers, the Taliban, who it opposes on ideological grounds. Has IS-K carried out attacks before?It targeted the chaotic evacuation from Kabul airport in 2021 with a suicide bomb, killing 170 Afghans and 13 US servicemen. The following year it targeted the Russian embassy in Kabul, killing at least six people and injuring others.Image source, EPAImage caption, Dozens were killed when explosives were detonated among the crowd waiting to board evacuation planes leaving KabulThe group has carried out indiscriminate attacks on a maternity ward, bus stations and policemen.In January this year, IS-K carried out a double bombing of a shrine in Kerman, Iran, killing nearly 100 Iranians.In Russia it has carried out numerous small-scale attacks, the most recent being in 2020 – and already this year the FSB, Russia’s internal security service, says it has stopped several terror plots.Who were the attackers?According to Russian state media the four men captured and charged are all Tajiks from the Central Asian republic of Tajikistan, which used to be part of the Soviet Union. It is obvious from their battered and bruised appearance in court that they have been especially harshly interrogated to the point of torture. The problem with that is according to international norms, their confessions will be worthless – people will say anything to make the pain stop, including confessing to a narrative that is simply untrue. Image source, ReutersImage caption, Dalerdzhon Mirzoyev, one of the suspects, appeared in court with visible injuriesReports have emerged that one of the men was seen carrying out surveillance of the venue in early March, around the time the US warned Russia there was an imminent threat of a terrorist attack on a public space – a warning the Kremlin dismissed at the time as “propaganda”. Another report says at least two of the attackers arrived in Russia recently, implying that this was a “hit team” sent by IS-K, rather than a sleeper cell of residents.Why did they target Russia?There are several reasons.IS-K consider most of the world to be their enemies. Russia is high up on their list, along with the US, Europe, Israel, Jews, Christians, Shia Muslims, the Taliban and all rulers of Muslim-majority states, who they consider to be “apostates”.Islamic State’s hostility to Russia goes back to the Chechen wars in the 1990s and early 2000s, when Moscow’s forces devastated the Chechen capital Grozny. More recently, Russia entered the Syrian civil war on the side of its ally, President Bashar al-Assad, and the Russian air force has carried out countless bombings of rebel and civilian positions, killing large numbers of Islamic State group and Al-Qaeda-linked fighters.In Afghanistan, IS-K view Russia as being an ally of the Taliban, which is why they attacked the Russian embassy in Kabul in 2022. Moscow attack: Debunking the false claimsSteve Rosenberg: As Russia mourns, how will Putin react?Bullets and panic – the Moscow concert that became a massacreThey also bear a grudge for the 10 years of brutal Soviet occupation of that country from 1979-89.Then there is the situation inside Russia itself. Russia is viewed by IS-K as very much a Christian country and their video posted after the Moscow attack talks about killing Christians. Tajik and other Central Asian migrant workers are sometimes subject to a degree of harassment and suspicion by the FSB as it seeks to head off terrorist attacks.Finally, Russia – a nation currently distracted by its full-scale war with its neighbour Ukraine – may simply have been a convenient target of opportunity for IS-K, a place where weapons were available and their enemy’s guard was down.What do we still not know?There remain a number of unanswered questions about this whole episode. For example, why were the attackers able to wander at will for nearly an hour around the Crocus Hall with absolutely no apparent sense of urgency? In a country where the police and special services, notably the FSB, are omnipresent, these gunmen behaved as if they knew they were not going to be interrupted by a police SWAT team. Image source, EPAImage caption, Russia’s extensive security services were not able to stop the attackThen there are the weapons – not just handguns but powerful, modern automatic assault rifles. How were they able to acquire these and smuggle them undetected into the venue?Their swift capture is also surprising. Unlike many jihadist gunmen on a raid like this, these men were not wearing suicide vests or belts, in the manner of those who prefer death to capture. And yet, it did not take long for the Russian authorities – the same Russian authorities who failed to stop the worst terror plot in 20 years unfolding beneath their noses – to round up the suspects and put them on trial. All this is prompting some analysts to speculate about some sort of so-called “inside job” by the Kremlin, or a “false flag operation” to garner popular support for the war on Ukraine. However, there is no hard evidence to support that theory and US intelligence has confirmed that in their view, it was Islamic State behind this hideous attack.Related TopicsAfghanistanRussiaIslamic State groupMore on this storyMoscow survivor: ‘They shot indiscriminately’Published8 hours agoWhat we know about attack on a Moscow concert hallPublished21 hours agoDid Russia ignore US ‘extremist’ attacks warning?Published2 days agoBBC Verify examines how the Moscow attack unfoldedPublished2 days agoTop StoriesUN Security Council passes Gaza ceasefire resolutionPublished4 hours agoBowen: Biden has decided strong words are not enoughPublished1 hour agoUK hits out at Chinese-backed cyber-attacksPublished2 hours agoFeaturesThe Papers: MPs say China is a ‘threat’ and the ‘Kate effect’ At Gate 96 – the new crossing into Gaza where aid struggles to get inWhat can the UK do about China cyber-attacks? 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• March 26, 2024
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